Concept and evolution of cartography
GIS fundamentals and its role in surveying
Types of maps and map scales
Coordinate systems and map projections
Engineering applications of GIS-based surveying
Survey data sources (ground surveying, GPS, remote sensing)
Modern surveying instruments and technologies
Data input and layer creation
Survey data accuracy and quality control
Geospatial database management
Basic and advanced spatial analysis
Digital Elevation Models (DEM / DTM)
Terrain analysis (slope, aspect, contouring)
Cartographic design and map layout
Thematic and interactive mapping
GIS applications in roads and infrastructure projects
Area, volume, and quantity calculations
Monitoring land changes and deformation
Integration of GIS with AutoCAD and BIM
Practical case studies
UAVs (drones) in surveying and mapping
LiDAR and 3D spatial modeling
Smart maps and Web GIS applications
Surveying and mapping standards and accuracy
Practical workshop and final project