Day 1: Introduction to Long-Span Bridges

• Evolution of suspension and cable-stayed bridges

• Comparison between suspension and cable-stayed systems

• Main components (towers, cables, deck, anchorages)

• International design codes and standards
  (AASHTO, Eurocode, BS)

• Safety, durability, and sustainability considerations

Day 2: Loads and Advanced Structural Analysis

• Loads acting on long-span bridges
  (live loads, wind, seismic, thermal effects)

• Nonlinear structural analysis

• Dynamic analysis and vibration behavior

• Creep, shrinkage, and cable relaxation effects

• Structural modeling using specialized software

Day 3: Design of Suspension Bridge Components

• Design of main cables and hangers

• Tower design (steel and concrete)

• Deck systems and aerodynamic considerations

• Vibration control and damping systems

• Serviceability and durability checks

Day 4: Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges

• Cable systems (harp, fan, semi-fan arrangements)

• Construction stage analysis

• Cable and anchorage design

• Force balancing and displacement control

• Inspection and maintenance requirements

Day 5: Construction, Testing, and Advanced Applications

• Construction and erection considerations

• Load testing and final inspections

• Wind tunnel testing and aerodynamic stability

• Use of BIM and Digital Twin technologies

• Case studies of iconic long-span bridges