Role of bridges and tunnels in modern transportation systems
Types of bridges and tunnels and their applications
Planning integrated transportation networks (roads, railways, metro)
International design and construction standards
Safety and sustainability considerations
Structural systems of bridges (beam, arch, suspension, box girder)
Foundation and pier design
Tunnel design methods (Cut & Cover, TBM, NATM)
Loads, geological, and seismic considerations
Use of engineering software in design
Bridge construction techniques (cast in-situ, precast, launching)
Tunneling excavation and construction methods
Ground and groundwater risk management
Quality control and construction testing
Occupational health and safety practices
Integration of bridges and tunnels with road and public transport systems
Traffic management during construction
Schedule and cost management
Use of BIM and GIS in transportation projects
Case studies of major transport infrastructure projects
Operation and maintenance of bridges and tunnels
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
Sustainability and environmental impact reduction
Practical workshop and final discussion